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Fire Music: The Story of Free Jazz

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Courtesy Lee Tanner

By Chris May
September 7, 2021
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Free jazz is poisoning the minds of young people.
—Downbeat Magazine

Fire Music: The Story of Free Jazz
Submarine Deluxe
2021

There is much to like about this lovingly put together history of the so-called free jazz of the 1960s and 1970s. Over a decade in the making, the film, directed by self- declared genre obsessive Tom Surgal, is a compilation of interviews with, and archive performances by, many of the luminaries of the movement. Practically every minute of spoken- word content in the 88-minute documentary is given over to the thoughts and reminiscences of the people who made the music, speaking to camera.

There is performance footage of, among others,

Albert Ayler

saxophone, tenor
1936 - 1970

" data-original-title="" title="">Albert Ayler,

Ornette Coleman

saxophone, alto
1930 - 2015

" data-original-title="" title="">Ornette Coleman,

Cecil Taylor

piano
1929 - 2018

" data-original-title="" title="">Cecil Taylor,

Eric Dolphy

woodwinds
1928 - 1964

" data-original-title="" title="">Eric Dolphy,

Sun Ra

piano
1914 - 1993

" data-original-title="" title="">Sun Ra,

John Coltrane

saxophone
1926 - 1967

" data-original-title="" title="">John Coltrane,

Sam Rivers

saxophone, tenor
1923 - 2011

" data-original-title="" title="">Sam Rivers and

Marion Brown

saxophone, alto
1931 - 2010

" data-original-title="" title="">Marion Brown. The extensive compendium of interviews, which make up most of the running time, includes contributions from those players plus

Bobby Bradford

trumpet
b.1934

" data-original-title="" title="">Bobby Bradford,

Sonny Simmons

saxophone, alto
1933 - 2021

" data-original-title="" title="">Sonny Simmons,

Ingrid Sertso

vocals

" data-original-title="" title="">Ingrid Sertso,

Carla Bley

piano
1938 - 2023

" data-original-title="" title="">Carla Bley,

Noah Howard

saxophone, alto
1943 - 2010

" data-original-title="" title="">Noah Howard,

Rashied Ali

drums
1935 - 2009

" data-original-title="" title="">Rashied Ali,

Sirone

bass, acoustic
1940 - 2009

" data-original-title="" title="">Sirone,

Prince Lasha

flute
1929 - 2008

" data-original-title="" title="">Prince Lasha,

John Tchicai

saxophone
1936 - 2012

" data-original-title="" title="">John Tchicai,

Marshall Allen

saxophone, alto
b.1924

" data-original-title="" title="">Marshall Allen,

Don Cherry

trumpet
1936 - 1995

" data-original-title="" title="">Don Cherry,

Evan Parker

saxophone, soprano
b.1944

" data-original-title="" title="">Evan Parker,

Peter Brötzmann

woodwinds
1941 - 2023

" data-original-title="" title="">Peter Br?tzmann,

Wadada Leo Smith

trumpet
b.1941

" data-original-title="" title="">Wadada Leo Smith,

Joseph Jarman

saxophone
1937 - 2019

" data-original-title="" title="">Joseph Jarman,

Archie Shepp

saxophone, tenor
b.1937

" data-original-title="" title="">Archie Shepp,

Bill Dixon

trumpet
1925 - 2010

" data-original-title="" title="">Bill Dixon,

Roswell Rudd

trombone
1935 - 2017

" data-original-title="" title="">Roswell Rudd,

Noah Howard

saxophone, alto
1943 - 2010

" data-original-title="" title="">Noah Howard,

Thurman Barker

drums
b.1948

" data-original-title="" title="">Thurman Barker,

John Gilmore

saxophone, tenor
1931 - 1995

" data-original-title="" title="">John Gilmore,

Anthony Braxton

woodwinds
b.1945

" data-original-title="" title="">Anthony Braxton and

George Lewis

trombone
b.1952

" data-original-title="" title="">George Lewis. Most of the interview footage was filmed by Surgal for the documentary. Some of the interviewees, sadly, are no longer with us.

A cast list such as Surgal assembled will be enough to pique the attention of aficionados, and that attention will be rewarded. What is revealed over the course of the film is a community of engaging, enquiring, articulate and generous-of-spirit practitioners, determined to pursue their individual muses whatever the blowback from the jazz establishment. Surgal is also to be congratulated for giving due emphasis to the music's emergence in Europe, where it developed independently of, and on an equal footing with, the American scene. To Surgal's credit, too, is his decision to keep himself wholly out of the visuals and the audio; every word we hear comes from the interviewees themselves. The closest we get to being aware of Surgal's offscreen presence is when Prince Lasha says, with a smile on his face, "Come on then, I'm waiting for you to ask me a question. I've got all the answers."

That said, Fire Music: The Story of Free Jazz has some shortcomings. Mostly these derive from the nature of the production. A film maker in Surgal's situation may be unable to secure the rights to important and revealing archive footage, or the cooperation of some key figures in the story; possibly for one of those reasons, among those figures conspicuously absent are

Amiri Baraka

vocals
1934 - 2014

" data-original-title="" title="">Amiri Baraka and A.B. Spellman, both authoritative and well chronicled contemporary commentators on American free jazz. In their place, Gary Giddins, who wrote for The Village Voice from the early 1970s, offers linking expositions. Rights issues, or budgetary considerations, may also explain the omission of such musicians as

Pharoah Sanders

saxophone, tenor
1940 - 2022

" data-original-title="" title="">Pharoah Sanders and

Joe McPhee

woodwinds
b.1939

" data-original-title="" title="">Joe McPhee, both of whom, along with Spellman, are still with us and have treasure troves of stories to tell.

Some viewers may feel the film also fails to adequately address the political nature of free jazz in the 1960s and 1970s. Although even in the US the scene was by no means an exclusively Black affair, its African American participants were in the majority; they were acutely mindful of Black liberation and their music was an explicit expression of the struggle for equal rights and justice. One of the few substantial references to this issue comes from the German singer Ingrid Sertso, who describes how Eric Dolphy was let down by the US healthcare system and who gives a moving eyewitness account of Dolphy's death. Though not without their own flaws, two contemporary books cover this area well: Valerie Wilmer's As Serious As Your Life: The Story of the New Jazz (Alison & Busby, 1977) and Frank Kofsky's Black Nationalism and the Revolution in Music (Pathfinder Press, 1970).

Less importantly, Fire Music, while correctly stressing the advanced musicianship of the leading free jazz players, does not touch on the "energy players" attracted to the music. These mostly untutored folks, many Coltrane and Ayler wannabes among them, manifested the movement's inclusive nature, but could be a nightmare to listen to. It would have been interesting to have the interviewees' thoughts and recollections. (There is a story, possibly apocryphal, attaching to New York City's Jazzmobile, a truck-drawn trailer on which bands gave performances in the streets around Harlem. In 1971, so the story goes, the Jazzmobile was presenting one such performance when up clambered an energy player with a tenor saxophone who, uninvited, joined in to cacophonous effect. After a minute or so, the bandleader turned to him and said, 'What are you doing, man?' Came the reply, 'I'm just expressing what I feel.' To which the bandleader said, 'Well, feel something in B flat, motherfucker.'")

Fire Music then is not so much The Story of Free Jazz as A Story of Free Jazz. As such it is a valuable addition to an inadequately chronicled musical and extra-musical phenomenon which—against the predictions of its detractors, and possibly against the expectations of its practitioners—refused to go away, attracted new generations of listeners, and continues to thrive in 2021.

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