Home » Jazz Articles » Book Review » Pepper Adams: Saxophone Trailblazer
Pepper Adams: Saxophone Trailblazer
By
Gary Carner
240
ISBN: #9781438494357
Excelsior Editions
2023
Baritone saxophonist

Pepper Adams
saxophone, baritone1930 - 1986
Gary Carner's Pepper Adams: Saxophone Trailblazer tells the story of a complicated individual within the context of jazz in America during the mid-to-late twentieth century. The book's origins lie in Carner's extensive interviews with Adams two years before he died in 1985 at the age of 55. In the years following Adams's passing, Carner interviewed approximately 250 of his colleagues and admirers, created the website, produced a box set of "Adams's entire oeuvre" performed by selected artists, as well as an annotated discography before beginning to write the book in earnest in 2017.
In his mid-teens, Adams was already becoming an accomplished tenor saxophonist when he fell in love with the baritone. While

Harry Carney
saxophone, baritone1910 - 1974

Duke Ellington
piano1899 - 1974
Mindful of Carney's accomplishments and inspired by

Charlie Parker
saxophone, alto1920 - 1955
At a time when many others settled for a smaller, tenor-like tone and less-than-complex lines, he succeeded in getting an uncommonly large, full sound and executing complicated figures from the top to the bottom of the horn. "Someone like

Gerry Mulligan
saxophone, baritone1927 - 1996

Bill Perkins
guitar1924 - 2003
Throughout the book, Carner makes a convincing case for Adams's unique approach to the horn and the music. In one particularly astute passage, he identifies Adams's ... "blinding speed, penetrating timbre, immediately identifiable sound, harmonic ingenuity, precise articulation, malleable time feel, dramatic use of dynamics, and utilization of melodic paraphrase." Many of Adams's colleagues weigh in on his strengths. Ray Mosca declares that "Pepper'll make you cry with a ballad." Don Palmer notes that rhythmically speaking, Adams "was as strong as anything I've ever heard."

Gerry Niewood
saxophone1943 - 2009

Hank Jones
piano1918 - 2010
Like many jazz musicians of his era, Adams lived and breathed the music for decades only to receive a smattering of financial rewards and, at best, spotty recognition. Adopting the attitude "that if he played well, better than most anyone else, the world would discover him and reward him accordingly" perhaps wasn't an ideal way to make his mark in a highly competitive field. Adams sometimes lived "a hand-to-mouth existence" but was determined to stay the course. Despite his often precarious economic state, he refused to continue to double on the bass clarinet (which would have opened opportunities for additional studio work), disdained networking and self-promotion, did not seek teaching or Artist-In-Residence positions, and turned down at least one lucrative offer to join the saxophone section of a commercial big band. Also working against him was the perception that his average looks did not make him particularly marketable, the reality that the public "generally favored higher pitch[ed] instruments" over the sound of the baritone, and the complexity of his style demanded an active listener.
Complicating matters even further was his stay of 12 years in the

Thad Jones
trumpet1923 - 1986

Mel Lewis
drums1929 - 1990
At key places in the book, Carner introduces the thorny and complex issue of American race relations relative to jazz, Adams's musicianship, and career. Carner carefully avoids landing firmly on either side of the divide or drawing conclusions. Instead, he introduces a variety of perspectives on Adams as a white jazzman, allows them to bump against one another, and, in doing so, ultimately raises more questions than answers.
Carner makes clear that Adams strongly identified jazz practice with black musicians. In an interview conducted after he moved to New York from Detroit, Adams stated, "I learned how to play jazz from black musicians," and went so far as to assert, "If you want to know how to play jazz, that's how you learn it." In response, Carner asks, "Did Adams alienate himself from the white-controlled network of agents, editors, broadcasters, and promoters by stating his allegiance to black musicians? Perhaps so."
During a decade in Detroit, Adams, accustomed to being the only Caucasian in otherwise black bands, was comfortable playing in venues with virtually an all-black clientele. At the same time, his white peers shunned him because of his large, commanding sound, chord substitutions that sometimes sounded dissonant, and an affinity for material that included songs by Duke Ellington and

Billy Strayhorn
piano1915 - 1967
After his move to New York in the mid-1950s, Adams was one of the "few white members of jazz's black inner circle." Carner quotes an impressive array of black musicians who hold Adams in the highest regard. Some of them believed that, in the words of

Art Taylor
drums1929 - 1995
Carner notes the resentment of jazz musicians on the attention lavished on

Dave Brubeck
piano1920 - 2012

Earl Hines
piano1903 - 1983

Bud Powell
piano1924 - 1966

Erroll Garner
piano1921 - 1977

Thelonious Monk
piano1917 - 1982

Barry Harris
piano1929 - 2021
According to

George Coleman
saxophone, tenorb.1935
The year 2023 saw the publication of first-rate biographies of heavyweights

Sonny Rollins
saxophoneb.1930

Chick Webb
drums1905 - 1939

Henry Threadgill
woodwindsb.1944
Tags
Book Review
David A. Orthmann
Excelsior Editions
Pepper Adams
Harry Carney
duke ellington
Charlie Parker
Gerry Mulligan
Bill Perkins
Gerry Niewood
Hank Jones
Thad Jones
Mel Lewis
Billy Strayhorn
Art Taylor
Dave Brubeck
Earl Hines
Bud Powell
Erroll Garner
Thelonious Monk
Barry Harris
George Coleman
Dick Katz
Sonny Rollins
Chick Webb
Henry Threadgill
Comments
PREVIOUS / NEXT
Support All About Jazz
